The Hmong People: A Story of Resilience and Community

A Journey Across Borders

Thailand became a refuge for many Hmong, but not without complications. Many arrived as stateless individuals, lacking formal recognition and rights. Despite these challenges, they built vibrant communities in provinces like Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, and Tak. Here, they preserve their language, customs, and spiritual traditions.

The qeej is a traditional Hmong wind instrument made from bamboo, wood, tree bark, and metal reeds. With six pipes, it produces melodies that mimic the tones of the Hmong language, allowing it to communicate messages rather than follow Western musical notation. Deeply rooted in Hmong culture, the qeej is often played during ceremonies—especially funerals—to honor ancestors and guide spirits.

Today’s Realities

While some Hmong in Thailand have gained citizenship, many still live in legal limbo. Statelessness limits access to education, healthcare, and employment. It also restricts freedom of movement, making it difficult for families to travel or seek better opportunities.

Beyond legal status, the Hmong face cultural challenges. Their traditional way of life is rooted in farming, herbal medicine, and animist beliefs. Unfortunately, this way of life is often misunderstood or marginalized. Young Hmong individuals find themselves caught between honoring their heritage and adapting to modern Thai society, where assimilation can feel like a matter of survival.

The Cultural Heartbeat of the Hmong

The Hmong culture is rich and vibrant. Traditional practices, such as weaving and embroidery, are not just art forms; they are expressions of identity. The intricate designs tell stories of ancestry and connection to the land. Festivals celebrate these traditions, allowing the community to come together and share their heritage.

Cultural festivals, traditional textiles, and storytelling are helping younger generations reconnect with their roots. There’s also a growing movement to document and share Hmong history, ensuring that their contributions and struggles are not forgotten. In doing so, the Hmong are not just preserving their identity but also actively shaping the narrative around what it means to belong.

Strength in Community

Despite these challenges, the Hmong people continue to thrive through community solidarity and cultural pride. Grassroots organizations and NGOs led by Hmong and allied advocates work tirelessly to support rights, education, and economic development.

The story of the Hmong in Thailand is more than a tale of migration; it’s a testament to human resilience. It reminds us that identity is not defined by borders or paperwork, but by the strength of community and the courage to persevere.

Housing Insecurity: A Critical Issue

During our recent visit, we were welcomed into Hmong villages with open arms. We saw the beauty of their traditions—embroidery, cultural activities, and a deep respect for nature. However, we also witnessed the urgent need for safe, stable housing.

For many Hmong families in Thailand, “home” is a structure made of bamboo, tin, or reclaimed wood built by hand, passed down through generations, and vulnerable to the elements. These homes often lack insulation, running water, and proper sanitation. When the rainy season comes, roofs leak, and dirt floors erode underfoot. When landslides strike, entire villages can be uprooted.

But substandard housing isn’t just about materials. It’s about what’s missing: safety, stability, and opportunity. Many families live without legal land rights, forcing them to live in constant fear of eviction. In addition, many homes lack access to clean water and sanitation, which affects health for both the young and old. Without citizenship, many are excluded from government support and trapped in a cycle of poverty that housing alone can’t fix but can absolutely help break.

The Importance of Advocacy

Advocating for the Hmong means more than just providing resources. It involves listening to their stories, understanding their needs, and collaborating on solutions. We must recognize that the Hmong people are not just passive recipients of aid; they are active participants in shaping their futures.

Supporting the Hmong means showing up with humility, listening deeply, and co-creating solutions that reflect their hopes and heritage. Aligned with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, including Goal 11: making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable, we’re committed to partnering with local leaders and organizations. Together, we can co-design housing solutions that are culturally respectful, environmentally sustainable, and community-driven.

A Collaborative Path Forward

Because we’re better together. And together, we can stand alongside the Hmong as they continue to thrive and shape their future.